TATCHA's Violet-C Brightening Serum is formulated with two forms of vitamin C (an antioxidant), bis-glyceryl ascorbate, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate. This morning and evening serum also contains fruit extracts from seven fruits: apple (pyrus malus fruit extract), grapefruit (citrus paradisi fruit extract), orange (citrus aurantium dulcis juice), lemon (citrus limon juice), lime (citrus aurantifolia juice), hawthorn (crataegus cuneata fruit extract), and jujube (ziziphus jujuba fruit extract) and lactic acid that helps exfoliate for brighter-looking and smoother skin. In a study, according to an expert grader: -after one week, 100% of subjects showed an improvement in smoothness -after four weeks, 100% of subjects showed an improvement in the appearance of radiance -after four weeks, 95% of subjects showed an improvement in overall skin tone -after eight weeks, 95% of subjects showed an improvement in the appearance of fine lines -after 12 weeks, 95% of subjects showed an improvement in the appearance of pores How do I use it: Dispense just one pump onto fingertips. Dot onto cheeks, forehead, chin, and distribute evenly over face, focusing on areas of concern. From TATCHA. Includes: